21st Century Learning and Teaching

The Blockchain is a distributed database technology that stores a single version of the truth of anything digital. How will it impact your business?

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Since its advent in 2009, bitcoin’s decentralized, broker-less and secure mechanism to send money across the world has steadily risen in popularity and adoption. Of equal — if not greater — importance is the blockchain, the technology that supports the cryptocurrency, the distributed ledger which enables trustless, peer-to-peer exchange of data.

Every day, new companies and organizations, including big names such as Microsoft and Tesla, take strides toward or show interest in using cryptocurrency and blockchain to support their business.

But the fame of blockchain has also given rise to two new challenges, namely that of interoperability and flexibility.

There are now more than a score of blockchain-based currencies, each optimized for different purposes, with different exchange rates, verification and consensus mechanisms, performance, distribution function, block size limit and degree of anonymity. And none of these currencies are compatible with others, making it hard for users to transfer money between them.

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Wieso Smart Contracts die Erwartungen enttäuschen müssen
Was Juristen seit Jahrhunderten nicht geschafft haben, wollten Blockchain-Enthusiasten per Code regeln. Doch so leicht ist das nicht, wie der DAO-Hack zeigt. Dabei hätte man aus der Rechtsgeschichte lernen können. An einer Schnittstelle zur formalisierten Streitschlichtung geht kein Weg mehr vorbei.
Schon lange träumen Juristen davon, ein Gesetz zu formulieren, dem es gelingt, alle Problemfälle dieser Welt zu erfassen. Egal, was auch passieren mag: Das Recht gibt eindeutig vor, wie die passende Lösung auszusehen hat. Diesen Traum teilt die Smart-Contract-Community.

Ein automatisierter Vertrag soll her, der keiner menschlichen Interpretation bedarf. Alle möglichen Abzweigungen sind der Blockchain schon einprogrammiert. Ein hehres Ziel - doch in der Geschichte des Vertragsrechts stets gescheitert. Auch Smart Contracts sind vor diesem Schicksal nicht gefeit.

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According to a recent study by Accenture, investments in fintech hit $5.3 billion in the first quarter of this year (having grown 75 percent in 2015, exceeding $22 billion). These are staggering figures for a still nascent industry, which can have a monumental impact on all sectors, from lending and investments to savings and payments.

Hitherto, most of the investments have occurred in the U.S. and Europe, with a marked exception this year when China’s Ant Financial completed a staggering $4.5 billion raise at a $60 billion valuation, making it one of the highest-valued private companies in the world.

This recent raise may draw to emerging markets attention from the world beyond London, New York and Silicon Valley, which importantly house more than 90 percent of the world’s under-30 population. Countries other than the U.S. and U.K. have collectively spawned a range of visibly successful companies in search (Yandex, Baidu), e-commerce (Alibaba, Rocket Internet’s portfolio) and media (Naspers) by mostly applying tried and tested Western strategies to the local know-how.

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The global finance markets are slipping on Friday after the UK public voted to leave the EU, but there is one currency that is reveling in the uncertainty of the Brexit result: bitcoin.

The cryptocurrency is notoriously difficult to predict. Its price against the U.S. Dollar rose as high as $1,000 in 2013 and, while it has stabilized somewhat since that landmark valuation, it hit a two-and-a-half year high of nearly $775 on June 17 before cratering nearly 25 percent over the next week.

That drop was thought by some be related to the British referendum on continued EU membership, but once the result was clear — with multiple media calling it a win for the Leave campaign — bitcoin grew legs and jumped past $650 just one day after it was at $550, according to data from Coindesk.

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Si le principe de la chaîne de blocs est relativement simple, le caractère transparent et décentralisé de la technologie peut avoir des conséquences majeures.

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Infographic outlining what blockchain adoption could look like, the 10 key hurdles to adopting blockchain in financial services and more

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If the blockchain frenzy and the hype surrounding it is anything to go by, blockchain is set to revolutionise everything from the way in which we make payments to the way in which we drink beer. I may have made that last bit up – but you get the idea that in and amongst the buzz there are some pretty wild predictions being made! So in this post, i thought it would be useful to take a step back from the hype and understand “what is blockchain?” If you keep coming back to this fundamental question, i think it can help you navigate and understand what use cases are feasible and which ones are not. Through these 6 awesome infographics we get a good understanding of what blockchain is:

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Pour les néophytes, cette technologie de stockage et de transmissions d’informations totalement décentralisée et sans organe de contrôle permet de certifier des échanges, des prix, des transactions ou encore des titres de propriété et des procédures, le tout de manière instantanée, infalsifiable et à faible coût. Comme l’écrit le mathématicien Jean-Paul Delahaye cité sur le site Blockchain France, il faut s’imaginer «un très grand cahier, que tout le monde peut lire librement et gratuitement, sur lequel tout le monde peut écrire, mais qui est impossible à effacer et indestructible.»

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When you hear the word blockchain does it make your head spin? Wall Street analysts and fintech experts claim it could make traditional banking obsolete; Airbnb just acquired a team of blockchain experts; and the country of Estonia will use it to secure a million patient health records.

But what exactly is blockchain, and what are its implications for higher education?

Originally created as the underlying database for bitcoin (the peer-to-peer digital asset and payment system), blockchain’s technology is now being seen as valuable and purposeful beyond the financial sector. The advantages blockchain provides to store information on a secure, permanent, historical ledger that can be both public and private will change how edtech applications approach student data.

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Banks including J.P. Morgan Chase and Citigroup have successfully tested the record-keeping technology behind bitcoin on credit-default swaps, a move that could help it gain a foothold in mainstream finance.

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The blockchain is a revolution with endless applications. Let’s get ready for it!

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Tricky? Sure. But it would transform the net into a universal “source of truth.

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Kämpfen Sie mit den Erklärungen dazu, wie Bitcoin und Blockchain funktionieren? Dann lesen Sie diesen Post und wir werden es Ihnen in einfachen Worten erklären.

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Un nouvelle étude de KnowledgeWorks explore le potentiel de la technologie blockchain au niveau des écoles, des enseignants, des parents et des élèves en ce qui concerne l'avenir de l'apprentissage.

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Die heutige Wirtschaft könnte mithilfe von Blockchain-Technologie effizienter arbeiten. Diese Meinung vertreten Experten des IBM Institutes of Business Value in einer neuen Studie namens "Fast forward: Rethinking Enterprises, Ecosystems and Economies with Blockchains". Die Spezialisten haben drei Hemmnisse für Unternehmen identifiziert, die sich durch den Einsatz eines gemeinsamen Kassenbuchs (ledger) verringern oder sogar eliminieren lassen. Die Hemmnisse sind: Information, Interaktion und Innovation.

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Tausende neue Start-ups dringen als sogenannte Fintechs in die etablierte Finanzwelt vor. Sie wollen moderne Technologie und eine veränderte Nutzung mobiler Internet-Geräte für neue Geschäftsmodelle nutzen - und treten damit in Konkurrenz zu traditionellen Banken.

Digitales Banking: Laut Bitkom führt fast ein Drittel der Verbraucher die Bankgeschäfte inzwischen ausschließlich über das Web.
(Quelle: Arne Dedert/Symbolbild)
Die Musik- und Medien-Branche wurde bereits radikal vom Internet umgekrempelt. Der Wandel in der streng regulierten Finanzindustrie geht dagegen etwas schwerfälliger vonstatten. Doch auch hier wächst der Druck auf die Banken-Bastionen. Manche Beobachter sagen schon voraus, dass die traditionellen Unternehmen von den neuen Fintech-Start-ups überrollt werden könnten. Dass die Industrie bei dem bereits eingesetzten Wandel noch einiges mitbestimmen wird, schätzt dagegen der Vizepräsident des Bitkom, Ulrich Dietz. Hier eine Übersicht zu aktuellen Fintech-Diensten im Netz:

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DAOs, Hacks and the Law
“The DAO” is in the midst of an epic hack due to an exploit on the originating smart contracts. Unfortunately it may seem that their own choice of legal infrastructures may force them to honor the exploit instead of the intent.
Smart contracts meet the law
While the specifics vary from land to land, the law has a broad set of parameters that are uniform. They govern the agreements made between humans and the rules which bind them.
Curiously, the DAO, in order to show it’s adherence to a certain form of “smart” contract stated that it would be fully and exclusively bound by these blockchain smart contracts.

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http://www.wired.com/2016/06/50-million-hack-just-showed-dao-human/

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The Ethereum Computer

The Ethereum Computer brings smart contracts and blockchain technology to the entire home.

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The Blockchain Futures Lab at Institute for the Future is a research initiative and a community for identifying the opportunities and limits of blockchain technologies as well as their social, economic, and political impacts on individuals, organizations, and communities over the coming decades.

The program brings together the leading developers of blockchain tools and applications with organizations that seek to understand the implications of this highly disruptive technology—and perhaps also to create parts of the new ecosystem of infrastructures and markets that it will drive.

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Pourquoi les entreprises s'intéressent-elles tant à la blockchain en ce moment ?

Primavera De Filippi : Cela dépend des entreprises. Pour les banques, les premières à s'emparer du sujet, il s'agit d'une technologie disruptive, qui risque de remettre en cause leur légitimité, mais qui a aussi énormément de potentiel pour améliorer leurs services. Certaines opérations bancaires, par exemple, ne peuvent pas être exécutées par un seul employé, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'importantes sommes d'argent. Il faut la signature de deux ou trois personnes différentes au sein de la banque. Avec la blockchain, on peut encoder toutes ces règles de procédure. Il n'y a plus besoin d'une autorité pour vérifier qu'elles sont appliquées : si les critères sont remplis, l'opération est automatiquement validée. 

Des entreprises technologiques comme Samsung s'intéressent plutôt à la blockchain dans le cadre de l'Internet des objets (IoT). Elles veulent créer des dispositifs intelligents capables d'effectuer des échanges de valeur sur la blockchain, au lieu d'avoir simplement des appareils qui communiquent les uns avec les autres comme dans l'IoT traditionnel. Cela permet aussi de déléguer au dispositif la capacité de coordonner les échanges, sans avoir besoin de passer par un opérateur central qui va traiter toutes les informations et les renvoyer. Car lorsque nous serons dans un système où des trillions d'appareils communiqueront les uns avec les autres, aucun serveur central ne sera capable de gérer tous ces échanges.

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My book Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy highlights the possibility that blockchains are a modernising information technology that extends well beyond digital cryptocurrencies, smart contrac…

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