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In a recent review published in the journal of Nature Medicine, researchers discussed the results of a two-year weekly effort to track and communicate significant developments in medical (artificial intelligence) AI. They included prospective studies as well as developments in medical image analysis that have narrowed the gap between research and implementation. 
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The effects of spaceflight on human physiology is an increasingly studied field, yet the molecular mechanisms driving physiological changes remain unknown. With that in mind, this study was performed to obtain a deeper understanding of changes to the human proteome during space travel, by quantitating a panel of 125 proteins in the blood plasma of 18 Russian cosmonauts who had conducted long-duration missions to the International Space Station.
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Scientists have developed a fluorescence microscopy technique that for the first time shows where and when proteins are produced. This allows researchers to directly observe individual mRNAs as they are translated into proteins in living cells. It should help reveal how irregularities in protein synthesis contribute to human disease processes, including Alzheimer's disease and other memory-related disorders.
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Cell-free protein synthesis from genomically recoded bacteria enables multisite incorporation of noncanonical amino acids https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03469-5
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Professor Michael Jewett’s new platform to conduct cell-free protein synthesis could lead to improved quality of manufactured protein therapeutics and biomaterials.
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A particular protein helps these these tiny critters survive dehydration for over a decade at a time
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Researchers have used mRNA sequences, rather than DNA, to more efficiently create a reference database that can be used for proteomic analysis of Xenopus frogs. The researchers used their reference database to identify over 11,000 proteins from an unfertilized Xenopus egg and estimate the abundance of these proteins. The method outperformed comparison proteomic analyses based on a preliminary, unpublished Xenopus genome and other protein reference databases.
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In a recent review published in the journal Nature Medicine, scientists discussed the results of a two-year weekly effort to track and communicate significant developments in medical AI. In particular, AI has been a game-changer in the crucial task of protein folding, which involves predicting the 3D structure of a protein from its chemical sequence. Improvements in protein structure prediction can reveal mechanistic information about a variety of events, including drug-protein interactions and mutation effects. With AI, non-invasive cancer screening, prognosis, and tumor origin identification are now possible. Moreover, deep learning has improved CRISPR-based gene editing by helping predict guide RNA activity and identifying anti-CRISPR protein families. According to one study, BioBERT, a model trained on a large corpus of medical literature, outperformed previous peers on natural language tasks such as answering biological questions.