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1876 engraving of steerage class that most Chinese took to cross the Pacific from Hong Kong to San Francisco
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Scooped by Skuuppilehdet |
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Skuuppilehdet's insight:
The Smithsonian Institute documented immigrant crossings to America across the Atlantic and the Pacific (this section occurs about half way down the site). It describes the vessels that were used from the mid 19th century to the mid 20th century. One intriguing revelation was that the main company, Pacific Mail Steamship initially hired only Chinese as crew because they were cheaper, but eventually they were dismissed due to objections of white workers.
For an in-depth study of the business of transporting immigrants from Hong Kong, see Elizabeth Shinn's authoritative book, Pacific Crossing: California Gold, Chinese Migration, and the Making of Hong Kong.
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00AQHUUSE/ref=rdr_kindle_ext_tmb
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