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LA JOLLA, CA—Scientists at La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI) are investigating how the immune system’s T cells react to a wide variety of coronaviruses, ranging from SARS to common cold coronaviruses. 
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A new type of malaria vaccine based on proteins found in the blood of children who develop a natural resistance to the parasitic disease has been developed by American researchers. Via MRC press office
MRC press office's curator insight,
May 23, 2014 5:34 AM
Professor Mike Blackman, a malaria researcher at the MRC National Institute for Medical Research, said: “The study is quite an important step forward and potentially raises the prospect of this becoming a vaccine candidate and combining it with other vaccine candidates… but they still have a long way to go.” |
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Abstract Tumor cells commonly express several antigens, such as tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or mutation-derived antigens (neoantigens), that can be regarded as foreign antigens and elicit anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Various TAAs or neoantigens expressed in cancer cells have been identified and utilized as targets for cancer vaccines. One approach to elicit tumor-specific immune responses is termed peptide-based cancer vaccination; it involves administrating TAAs or neoantigen-derived peptide for treatment of cancers. There have been several forms of peptide-based cancer vaccines depending on which effector cells, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or CD4+ T-helper cells, are targeted to be activated. Many phase I and II clinical trials of peptide-based cancer vaccines using TAA-derived CTL epitopes, T-helper cell epitopes, or dendritic cells loaded with TAA-derived peptides for various malignant tumors have been conducted and provide clinical benefits in a small fraction of patients. Nowadays, to improve the efficiency of peptide-based cancer vaccines, combination immunotherapy of peptide-based cancer vaccines with the immune-checkpoint blockade therapies using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CTL antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), or PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been developed for clinical application. Furthermore, along with the recent technological progress in genetic and bioinformatic analysis, it has become easier to identify neoantigens from individual cancer patients. It is expected that peptide-based cancer vaccines targeting neoantigens as a personalized cancer immunotherapy will be developed. © The Japanese Society for Immunology. 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. KEYWORDS: neoantigen; peptide-based cancer vaccine; tumor-associated antigen; tumor-reactive T cell
Via Krishan Maggon
Krishan Maggon 's curator insight,
May 30, 2016 7:32 AM
Int Immunol. 2016 May 28. pii: dxw027. [Epub ahead of print] The present status and future prospects of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Hirayama M1, Nishimura Y2.
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