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Thank you, Dr. Joseph Murray, for your valuable contributions to medical science...
Dr. Joseph Murray, the surgeon who carried out the first successful kidney transplant and later won a Nobel Prize for his work in medicine and physiology, died on Monday in Boston at the age of 93.
Murray and his team completed the first human organ transplant in 1954, taking a kidney from one identical twin and giving it to his twin brother, opening a new field in medicine, the hospital said.
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Kidneys make up about 80 percent of transplanted organs. One kidney was transplanted into a young patient with a common disease called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). After transplant, the donor kidney started growing diseased.
But it wasn't the end of the line for that transplanted kidney. Something unusual occurred- the same kidney was transplanted into another patient and the disease was reversed.
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“Organ-on-a-chip” technologies could not only do away with animal models that have proven disappointingly unreliable, but their ease of use and affordability could speed up the drug discovery process.
The newest of these, gut-on-a-chip, attempts to mimic the physiology, structure, and mechanics of the human intestines. It is roughly the size of a thumb drive and contains a central chamber that houses a pliant, porous membrane lined with human intestinal epithelial cells, producing an artificial intestinal barrier. It can even harbor the microbes normally abundant in our gut’s luminal space.
Not only does the 3D chip mimic organ anatomy, the membrane is controlled with a vacuum pump to produce the peristaltic motions that occur during digestion.
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