Plant hormones (Literature sources on phytohormones and plant signalling)

Authors: Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso and Ana I. Caño-Delgado.

Nature Chemical Biology (2023)

Abstract: "Brassinosteroid (BR) hormones promote root growth by controlling meristem size and cell elongation, but the mechanism of BR transport remains elusive. A new study shows that BR precursors move via intercellular pores called plasmodesmata to modulate BR cellular levels and their signaling functions."

Authors: Amie F. Sankoh and Tessa M. Burch-Smith.

American Journal of Botany (2021)

Excerpt: "Plant development depends on local positional cues and on mobile non-cell-autonomous signals that can act at short or long distances. Plant hormones are growth factors that mediate local cell events as well as coordinate long-distance processes that affect the entire plant. While it is clear that hormones often act beyond the confines of single cells the mechanisms by which this is accomplished are longstanding questions, as exemplified by the quote above (Carr, 1976). The cytoplasmic connections between cells formed by plasmodesmata (PD) essentially render groups of cells as symplasts whose boundaries depend on the permeability of PD at any given cell interface. Symplastic fields change with developmental progression, and links to hormone action can be easily identified (Burch-Smith et al., 2011), although data examining causation is not readily available in the literature. Thus, how hormones influence PD remains poorly understood but there has recently been increasing attention to the role of PD in mediating hormonal flux and signaling (Figure 1)."