Plant hormones (Literature sources on phytohormones and plant signalling)

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (2024)

Highlights: • Sugars play an essential role in the regulations of leaf senescence. • Abiotic stresses trigger sugar signaling by inducing reactive oxygen species burst. • Sugar signaling interact with plant hormones and protein kinase to regulates leaf senescence. • Abiotic stresses target sugar signaling to regulate photosynthesis inhibition and programmed cell death (PCD). 

Abstract: "Plants have evolved the adaptive capacity to mitigate the negative effect of external adversities at chemical, molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. This capacity is conferred by triggering the coordinated action of internal regulatory factors, in which sugars play an essential role in the regulating chloroplast degradation and leaf senescence under various stresses. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the senescent-associated changes in carbohydrate metabolism and its relation to chlorophyll degradation, oxidative damage, photosynthesis inhibition, programmed cell death (PCD), and sink-source relation as affected by abiotic stresses. The action of sugar signaling in regulating the initiation and progression of leaf senescence under abiotic stresses involves interactions with various plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and protein kinases. This discussion aims to elucidate the complex regulatory network and molecular mechanisms that underline sugar-induced leaf senescence in response to various abiotic stresses. The imperative role of sugar signaling in regulating plant stress responses potentially enables the production of crop plants with modified sugar metabolism. This, in turn, may facilitate the engineering of plants with improved stress responses, optimal life span and higher yield achievement."