Green revolution to grain revolution: Florigen in the frontiers - Review | Plant hormones (Literature sources on phytohormones and plant signalling) | Scoop.it
From linkinghub.elsevier.com - October 21, 2021 9:48 PM
Authors: Prasanta K. Dash and Rhitu Rai.

Journal of Biotechnology (2021)

Highlights: • Hormonal Control of Important Agronomic Traits has been intense field of research that gave rise to green revolution in rice and wheat. Recently, the new plant hormone florigen has shown to increase the yield of crops in a dramatic way breaking the yield plateau in vegetable crop tomato. • Here, we highlight the role of green revolution that averted the imminent world hunger in 1960s and intrinsic role of plant hormones in impacting success of green revolution. The role of Gibberellins, auxin, cytokinins and cytokinin oxidase (CKX) in revolutionizing grain yield has been discussed. • An update on the newly discovered phytohormone "Florigen" and its impact on revolutionizing yield in tomato has been discussed. • We chart out a path for tinkering the plant hormones for future use to feed the ever increasing world population.

Abstract: "Burgeoning human population dents, globally, the brimming buffer stock as well as gain in food grain production. An imminent global starvation was averted through precise scientific intervention and pragmatic policy changes in the 1960s and was eulogized as the “Green Revolution”. Miracle rice and wheat obtained through morphometric changes in the ideotype of these two crops yielded bumper harvest that nucleated in Asia and translated into Latin America. The altered agronomic traits in these two crops were the result of the tinkering of the phyto-hormone “Gibberellin’. Recently, another plant hormone ‘Cytokinin’ has gained prominence for its involvement in the grain revolution in rice and other field crops. Suo moto homeostasis of CK by the cytokinin oxidase enzyme governs the cardinal shoot apical meristem that produces new flowering primordia thereby enhances grain number. Similarly, the flowering hormone ‘Florigen’ impacts sympodia formation, flowering, and fruit production in tomato. The role of heterozigosity induced heterosis by florigen in revolutionizing tomato production and cellular homeostasis of CK by CK oxidising enzyme (CKX) in enhancing rice production has been path-breaking. This review highlights role of phytohormones in grain revolution and crop specific fine-tuning of gibberellins, cytokinins and florigen to accomplish maximum yield potential in field crops."