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Increased Faecal Shedding in SARS-CoV-2 Variants BA.2.86 and JN.1 | Virus World | Scoop.it

From www.thelancet.com - March 22, 2:13 PM

The SARS-CoV-2 variant JN.1 swiftly became the global dominant strain due to a spike protein Leu455Ser substitution, boosting transmissibility and immune-escape capabilities, surpassing its predecessor BA.2.86 and other variants. These alterations have resulted in a surge of COVID-19 cases, reflected in wastewater-surveillance data surpassing rates, observed during the initial omicron wave. However, concerns persist that JN.1 might have an increased capacity to replicate in the gut, potentially leading to infected individuals shedding a higher number of viral copies than previously seen.

As there is currently a lack of available data for fecal viral shedding, we are presenting the initial longitudinal and quantitative faecal shedding data for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in individuals infected with XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, HV.1, JD.1.1, BA.2.86, and JN.1. 856 faecal samples were obtained from 113 non-hospitalised individuals with confirmed PCR positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Variants were identified through Sanger sequencing. Detailed protocols for processing and extracting SARS-CoV-2 RNA from stool samples are provided in the appendix...

Published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases (March 21, 2024):

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00155-5

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Suggest Prolonged Gastrointestinal Infection | Virus World | Scoop.it

From www.cell.com - April 14, 2022 11:29 AM

Natarajan et al perform a longitudinal study of fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, revealing that patients can shed RNA for up to 7 months after infection, shedding is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, and the gastrointestinal tract may be infected even after the respiratory infection has cleared.

Background

COVID-19 manifests with respiratory, systemic, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in respiratory and fecal samples, and recent reports demonstrate viral replication in both the lung and intestinal tissue. Although much is known about early fecal RNA shedding, little is known about the long term shedding, especially in those with mild COVID-19. Furthermore, most reports of fecal RNA shedding do not correlate these findings with GI symptoms.

Methods

We analyze the dynamics of fecal RNA shedding up to 10 months after COVID-19 diagnosis in 113 individuals with mild to moderate disease. We also correlate shedding with disease symptoms.

Findings

Fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in 49.2% [95% Confidence interval = 38.2%-60.3%] of participants within the first week after diagnosis. Whereas there was no ongoing oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in subjects at and after 4 months, 12.7% [8.5%-18.4%] of participants continued to shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces at 4 months after diagnosis and 3.8% [2.0%-7.3%] shed at 7 months. Finally, we find that GI symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting) are associated with fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

Conclusions

The extended presence of viral RNA in feces, but not respiratory samples, along with the association of fecal viral RNA shedding with GI symptoms suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infects the GI tract, and that this infection can be prolonged in a subset of individuals with COVID-19.

Published in Cell (April 12, 2022):

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.001

Increased Faecal Shedding in SARS-CoV-2 Variants BA.2.86 and JN.1

Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Suggest Prolonged Gastrointestinal Infection

Background

Methods

Findings

Conclusions