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Virus World provides a daily blog of the latest news in the Virology field and the COVID-19 pandemic. News on new antiviral drugs, vaccines, diagnostic tests, viral outbreaks, novel viruses and milestone discoveries are curated by expert virologists. Highlighted news include trending and most cited scientific articles in these fields with links to the original publications. Stay up-to-date with the most exciting discoveries in the virus world and the last therapies for COVID-19 without spending hours browsing news and scientific publications. Additional comments by experts on the topics are available in Linkedin (https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanlama/detail/recent-activity/)
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Is the BioNTech-Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccination Effective in Elderly Populations? | medRxiv

Is the BioNTech-Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccination Effective in Elderly Populations? | medRxiv | Virus World | Scoop.it

Background The effect of the BioNTech-Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccination in the elderly (>=80 years) could not be fully assessed in the BioNTech-Pfizer trial due to low numbers in this age group. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the BioNTech-Pfizer (BNT162b2) vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in octo- and novo-generians in a German state setting. Methods and Findings A prospective observational study of 708,187 persons aged >=80 years living in Bavaria, Germany, was conducted between Jan 9 to Apr 11, 2021. We assessed the vaccine efficacy (VE) for two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalisations and mortality. Additionally, differences in VE by age groups >=80 to <=89 years and >=90 years were studied. Analyses were adjusted by sex. By the end of follow-up, 63.8% of the Bavarian population ≥80 years had received one dose, and 52.7% two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine lowered the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections and related outcomes, resulting in VE estimates of 68.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 65.5%, 70.9%) for infection, 73.2% (95% CI 65.3%, 79.3%) for hospitalisation, and 80.1% (95% CI 80.0%, 89.0%) for mortality. Sex differences in the risk of COVID-19 outcomes observed among unvaccinated persons disappeared after two BNT162b2 vaccine doses. Overall, the BNT162b2 vaccine was equally efficacious in octo- and novo-genarians. Conclusions Two doses of BioNTech-Pfizers BNT162b2 vaccine is highly effective against COVID-19 outcomes in elderly persons.

 

Preprint available in medRxiv (August 21, 2021):

https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.19.21262266 

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Norway May Refine Vaccine Strategy After Elderly Deaths, PM Says

Norway May Refine Vaccine Strategy After Elderly Deaths, PM Says | Virus World | Scoop.it

The Prime Minister of Norway, Erna Solberg, says her country may fine-tune the vaccination of its oldest, sickest citizens as it tries to make sense of a recent spate of deaths. Having weathered the pandemic better than most, Norway suddenly made international headlines this month after revealing that more than 30 people -- all over 70 and all already sick -- died not long after being vaccinated against Covid-19. Solberg says the intense global interest in the news was “exaggerated” as she tries to ensure the development doesn’t put people off inoculation. “We don’t believe there’s any problem with the safety of the vaccines,” Solberg said in an interview with Bloomberg Live that aired on Tuesday. “But we will maybe not give them to the most vulnerable of the elderly, because that might speed up a process where they were what we would say at the end of life phase anyway,” so, “that probably is not what we will continue to do.” The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, which has identified people over 65 as a group to be prioritized in the vaccine rollout, has urged doctors to inoculate the elderly and sick on a case-by-case basis.

 

“For very frail patients and terminally ill patients, a careful balancing of benefit versus disadvantage of vaccination is recommended,” it said on Jan. 11, before Norway published data on post-inoculation deaths. The Norwegian Medicines Agency said its reporting on adverse reactions caused unnecessary concern around the world, and will now only publish data on deaths that have been autopsied. The agency says its information on the side-effects of Covid-19 vaccines will be included in international studies. Other countries, including Germany, have also recorded deaths in people who recently were vaccinated. Finland reported three such fatalities on Tuesday, but none of the countries identified causal links.  The Norwegian Medicines Agency says there’s no evidence so far that the elderly deaths reported were directly linked to the vaccine. “However, it cannot be ruled out that common vaccine side effects, such as fever and nausea, may have contributed to a serious course of underlying disease in frail patients,” the agency said in a written response to questions. Norway is now working with Pfizer Inc. and BioNTech SE -- the first producers to provide it with vaccines -- to examine its data in more detail. The country’s medicines agency has told Pfizer it doesn’t see grounds for alarm. The first Europe-wide safety report on the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is due to be published at the end of January. Meanwhile, Norway’s government has underscored its confidence in the vaccine. “We are trying to work very hard to get the focus that this is not a problem,” Solberg said. “It’s who we have vaccinated, not the vaccine that has created this data.”

 

Norway’s medicines agency reported 292 suspected “adverse reactions” out of 71,971 people who had been vaccinated as of Jan. 21; of those, 104 had been reviewed by health authorities, with 30 reported deaths. The country had inoculated 1.4% of its population as of Friday, according to Bloomberg’s Covid-19 Vaccine Tracker. That compares with 3.4% in neighboring Denmark, which is among the furthest advanced in Europe with its  immunization program. Norway plans to administer second vaccine doses without delay, Solberg said. That’s in contrast to the approach in the U.K., where Health Secretary Matt Hancock has said there’s high confidence the first dose provides “decent efficacy” against the virus. Solberg spoke with Bloomberg Live before Norway moved to lock down the Oslo area in an effort to fight the spread of more contagious coronavirus mutations, deploying its strictest measures yet. The prime minister said she hopes Norway will finish vaccinating its most vulnerable citizens by March.

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Age-Dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination 

Age-Dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination  | Virus World | Scoop.it
Background
 The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the development of various vaccines. Real-life data on immune responses elicited in the most vulnerable group of vaccinees over 80 years old is still underrepresented despite the prioritization of the elderly in vaccination campaigns.
 
Methods
 We conducted a cohort study with two age groups, young vaccinees below the age of 60 and elderly vaccinees over the age of 80, to compare their antibody responses to the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination.
 
Results
 While the majority of participants in both groups produced specific IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, titers were significantly lower in elderly participants. Although the increment of antibody levels after the second immunization was higher in elderly participants, the absolute mean titer of this group remained lower than the <60 group. After the second vaccination, 31.3 % of the elderly had no detectable neutralizing antibodies in contrast to the younger group, in which only 2.2% had no detectable neutralizing antibodies.
 
Conclusion
 Our data showed differences between the antibody responses raised after the first and second BNT162b2 vaccination, in particular lower frequencies of neutralizing antibodies in the elderly group. This suggests that this population needs to be closely monitored and may require earlier revaccination or/and an increased vaccine dose to ensure stronger long lasting immunity and protection against infection.

 

Published in Clinical Infectious Diseases (April 27, 2021):

https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab381

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